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http://yarchive.net/gun/ammo/308_vs_30-06.html....
In the '50s , when the .30-06 was the only cartridge allowed in highpower
competition for most matches,
the best of 'em would shoot 5- to 6-inch
groups at 600 yards. The target used at 600 yards had a 12-inch V-ring
inside the 20-inch 5-ring. Shooting possible scores at 600 yards was
an every day thing. Then along came the .308 Win. and folks immediately
found out that
in equal quality rifles, that new cartridge would shoot
groups half the size as the venerable '06. Scores instantly became much
higher and a few years later the target's scoring ring sizes were made
smaller. It was attributed to the .308's shorter and smaller powder
charge. Perhaps other things helped too, but it all boils down to the
fact that the .308 Win. has better accuracy at all ranges through 1000
yards.
Outside of competitive shooting, the difference between these two
cartridges is miniscule.
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