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Bullet Performance Misconceptions
On page 35, Marshall and Sanow state: "The Winchester 9mm 147-grain OSM was designed for maximum accuracy from carbine weapons in military roles. It is not suitable for maximum stopping power from handguns in a police or defensive role." On the next page, they add that the 9mm 147gr JHP: "...could not be a worse round for police use, according to actual police shooting results." On page 188, the authors state: "The lackluster street performance from the heavy 9mm 147-grain bullets can be traced directly to too much penetration and too little expansion." Marshall and Sanow write on page 62: "Ballistic gelatin results clearly predict the 115-grain jacket hollowpoint to be the top load in 9mm." They offer no justification to support their assertions. In fact, the actual published data on 9mm JHP ammunition shows their comments to be utterly false and inaccurate.
After extensive testing to determine the best 9mm JHP ammunition for personal defense use in the XM-11 9mm compact pistol designated for military criminal investigators, military police, Department of Defense security personnel, and military intelligence agencies, ordnance engineers selected the 9mm 147gr JHP, citing its "outstanding performance" compared to 9mm 124gr and 115gr ammunition.13 The test report makes special note that the various 9mm 115gr +P+ and 124gr +P+ JHP cartridges offered the worst performance of any ammunition tested. The 9mm 147gr JHP is also in current operational use by some U.S. military special operations forces and, despite Marshalls and Sanows opinion, it has proven quite effective when fired from pistols such as the SIG P226 and Beretta M9/10 (92F/92FS).
Mr. Eugene Wolberg, of the San Diego Police Department, reviewed the performance of the departments issue 9mm 147gr JHP ammunition by measuring bullet penetration and expansion after each shooting incident.14 The 9mm 147gr bullet produced a 13 inch average penetration in human tissue and reliably expanded in the 27 shootings to the human torso reported in the study. Since the study was published, an additional 17 documented shootings have exhibited nearly identical results. Mr. Wolbergs study of San Diego Police Department shootings also compared bullet performance in human tissue with the performance of bullets fired into properly prepared and calibrated 10 percent ordnance gelatin. Average bullet penetration in both tissue and gelatin was 13 inches.
Mr. Wolbergs study proves that the average penetration of bullets in the human torso is nearly the same as that in properly prepared and calibrated 10 percent ordnance gelatin. This analysis refutes another of Marshalls and Sanows unsubstantiated claims which they make on page 171 of their text: "Penetration distances in 10 percent gelatin consistently will be 15 to 20 percent shallower, on average, compared to penetration in a living human being." Documented scientific research has proven that properly prepared 10 percent ordnance gelatin not only duplicates the bullet deformation and fragmentation seen in living tissue, but that the penetration results in 10 percent gelatin are within 3 percent of those measured in living tissue.15 Contrary to Marshalls and Sanows incorrect statements, the penetration depths of expanded bullets in living tissue are frequently less than those exhibited in properly prepared and calibrated 10 percent ordnance gelatin, due to the tough, resilient characteristics of the skin on the exit side of the body. This strong, flexible skin can have the same resistance to bullet passage as 4 inches of muscle and often causes bullets to end their path just under the skin at the anticipated exit point rather than exiting, as would be expected based on the deeper penetration results seen in ordnance gelatin.16
On page 189, Marshall and Sanow state: "The average penetration distance for the best street loads is only 13.0 inches." Since this is exactly what the 9mm 147gr JHP has produced in actual shootings and in laboratory testing, it is surprising that Marshall and Sanow continue to recommend 9mm 115gr and 115gr +P+ bullets which fail to meet the penetration 12 to 15 inch guidelines they themselves recommend on page 23.
Marshall and Sanow write on page 35: "The 9mm Silvertip has an excellent street record. The single instance of underpenetration in the FBI/Miami shootout is not grounds for withdrawal from service."
This statement is incorrect. Numerous failures due to insufficient penetration have been documented with the 9mm Winchester Silvertip 115gr JHP. One infamous incident occurred on Easter Sunday in 1989, when San Diego Sheriffs Department Tactical Unit officers were forced to shoot a criminal 27 times over several minutes because their 9mm Silvertips failed to penetrate deeply enough to damage any vital organs and cause physiologic incapacitation, despite solid torso hits. A bullet finally severed the relatively superficially placed carotid artery and jugular vein in the neck, resulting in fatal hemorrhage which ended the encounter. The San Diego Police Department switched to the 9mm Winchester 147gr JHP after several documented underpenetration failures with the 9mm Winchester Silvertip 115gr JHP.Conclusion
It is unfortunate that the authors did not take the time to adequately research and document their material and that the books editors did not demand correction of the confusing mistakes in evidence throughout the book. As a result, this text has far too many errors, inconsistencies, and a blatant disregard for scientific truth to be recommended as a wound ballistics reference book. The reader is asked to believe, on faith alone, a field "data base" derived from unpublished "secret sources." No clear thinking person should fall prey to this nonsense, but some individuals with no background in science or those too indolent or busy to do their own thinking could be misled. This book is a bad joke, a joke which may get law enforcement officers killed.
